2011年9月26日 読売新聞
発毛にスイッチ入れる物質を発見…米チーム
体に毛を生えさせるスイッチを入れる物質を、米エール大学の研究チームがマウスを使った実験で発見した。
人間の毛髪にも同じ仕組みがあると考えられ、脱毛症治療などへの応用が期待される。
動物の毛は、毛の元になる「幹細胞」が分裂や変化を繰り返すことで生える。だが、幹細胞が何をきっかけに変化を始めるのかは、わかっていなかった。
研究チームは、毛根の周りにある「脂肪前駆細胞」に注目。その数を調べたところ、毛が成長する直前に増えていた。脂肪前駆細胞ができないようにマウスの遺伝子を操作すると、毛は成長しなかった。
さらに脂肪前駆細胞の働きを調べた結果、この細胞が「PDGF」というたんぱく質を作り、PDGFが毛の幹細胞に作用して毛が生え始めることがわかった。
PDGF(platelet-derived growth factor)
EGF(epidermal growth factor)
Sep 04, 2011
Cure for baldness on the anvil?
It seems the cure for baldness is on the
anvil, for scientists claim they have discovered the source of signals that
trigger hair growth.
A team at Yale University has identified stem cells within the skin's fatty
layer and showed that molecular signals from these cells were necessary to spur
hair growth in mice, the 'Cell' journal reported.
"If we can get these fat cells in the skin to talk to the dormant stem cells at
the base of hair follicles, we might be able to get hair to grow again," said
Prof Valerie Horsley, who led the team.
Men with male pattern baldness still have stem cells in follicle roots but these
stem cells lose the ability to jump-start hair regeneration. Scientists have
known that these follicle stem cells need signals from within the skin to grow
hair, but the source of those signals has been unclear.
The team observed that when hair dies, the layer of fat in the scalp that
comprises most of the skin's thickness shrinks. When hair growth begins, the fat
layer expands in a process called adipogenesis脂質生成.
The scientists found that a type of stem cell involved in creation of new fat
cells -- adipose precursor cells – was required for hair regeneration in mice.
They also found these cells produce molecules called PDGF (platelet derived
growth factors), which are necessary to produce hair growth.
Now, the team is trying to identify other signals produced by adipose precursor
stem cells that may play a role in regulating hair growth.