他のページへ トップページ アジアの石油化学 アジアのPVC/VCM 連絡先 knak@js2.so-net.ne.jp |
マレーシアの石油化学
2005/7 マレーシアが変動相場制に 2007/5 マレー半島横断油送管 来年着工 |
Malaysian polyester, PET producer Hualon renamed Recron (owned by Reliance) 」
Dow to Divest Ownership in OPTIMAL Group of Companies to PETRONAS for $660 Million
PETRONAS and BASF sign MoU to explore new joint investment
単位:千トン
|
|
立地 | Gebeng | Pasir Gudang | Kertih | その他 | ||||
C2 | Titan Petrochem | 730 | Ethylene Malaysia Optimal Olefins |
400 600 |
||||
HDPE | Titan PE | 100 | ||||||
LLDPE | Titan PE | 200 | PE Malaysia | 200/50(LL/HD) | ||||
LDPE | Titan PE | 200 | Petlin | 255 | ||||
EG | Optimal Glycol | 385 | ||||||
EO | Optimal Glycol | 380 | ||||||
VCM | Vinyl Chloride(M) | 400 | ||||||
PVC | Vinyl Chloride(M) | 150 | MECI | 50 | ||||
SM | Idemitsu SM | 220 | ||||||
PS | Petrochemicals(M) (Idemitsu) |
100 | Petrochemicals(M) (Idemitsu) |
40 | ||||
C3 | MTBE Malaysia |
|
Titan Petrochem | 420 | Optimal Olefins | 95 |
Shell (FCC 立地 Port Dickson) |
140 |
PP | PP Malaysia | 80 |
Titan PP | 120 200 |
||||
MTBE | MTBE Malaysia |
300 |
Petronasの海外活動については後記
Malaysia Petronas seeks protection for Philippine PE
Titan to expand petchem capacity by 10% by 2006
Malaysia to boost synthetic rubber output
Petronas to triple methanol capacity
Malaysia's Titan Petchems & Polymers renamed Titan Chemicals
Titan Chemicals (Malaysia) to acquire PT PENI (Indonesia)
Titan Chemicals becomes SEA's largest polyolefins producer with acquisition of PT PENI
Malaysian Titan Chemicals to test-run butadiene plant in December
Dow to Divest Ownership in OPTIMAL Group of Companies to PETRONAS for $660 Million
BP to Sell Malaysian Ethylene and Polyethylene Interests to Petronas
Dow to Divest Ownership in OPTIMAL Group of Companies to PETRONAS for $660 Million
Petronas 海外活動
Vietnam
Project:
Polyvinyl Chloride
Capacity:
100,000 TPA PVC
Company: Phu My
Plastics & Chemical Company Ltd
Partners:
PETRONAS, PetroVietnam Gas Co, Tramatsuco
Onstream:
October 2002
Indonesia
Plant:
Fertiliser
Capacity: 1,725
TPA Urea and 1,000 TPA Ammonia
Company: PT
Asean Acheh Fertilizer
Partners:
PETRONAS, National Development Company (Philippines), Philippine
Phosphate Fertilizer Corporation,
Ministry of Industry (Thailand),
PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Indonesia), Temasek Holdings (PTE) Ltd.
(Singapore)
Onstream: 1984
Titan 海外活動
Indonesia PT TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara (PT Titan) 旧 PT Peni
USA Westlake
PETRONAS(Petroliam Nasional Bhd) http://www.petronas.com.my/
PETRONAS, short for Petroliam
Nasional Bhd, is Malaysia's national petroleum corporation
incorporated on 17 August 1974. Wholly-owned by the Government,
the corporation is vested with the entire oil and gas resources
in Malaysia and entrusted with the responsibility of developing
and adding value to these resources. PETRONAS has since its
inception grown into a fully integrated oil and gas entity
engaged in a broad spectrum of petroleum and related value-adding
business activities in both the upstream and downstream sectors.
Today, with over 100 subsidiaries and associated companies, the
PETRONAS Group operates in 25 countries around the world and is
ranked among the Fortune Global 500 companies.
At Home
In Malaysia, PETRONAS' petrochemical activities are concentrated
along the Eastern Corridor of Peninsular Malaysia within the
Kertih Integrated Petrochemical Complex and the Gebeng Integrated
Petrochemical Complex.
While the production of certain basic petrochemicals has been
phased in since the mid 1980s, PETRONAS has more recently
embarked on large scale petrochemical projects with multinational
joint venture partners. In undertaking such projects, PETRONAS
seeks joint venture partners that possess the appropriate
technology, financing capability, and marketing and distribution
expertise.
PETRONAS Plants & Projects
社名 | 立地 | 製品 | 能力 | 出資者 | スタート |
Ethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd | Kertih | Ethylene | 400 |
PETRONAS,
Idemitsu Petrochemicals 12.5%, BP Chemicals Investments Ltd (15%) |
95/9 |
Polyethylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd | PE | 200 |
PETRONAS, BP Chemicals (60%) | 95/5 | |
Vinyl Chloride (M) Sdn Bhd | VCM | 400 |
PETRONAS, Mitsui VCM Holdings (M) Sdn Bhd | 00/7 | |
Vinyl Chloride (M) Sdn Bhd | PVC | 150 |
PETRONAS, Mitsui VCM Holdings | 00/8 | |
PETRONAS
Ammonia Sdn Bhd |
Ammonia
Syngas |
450 |
PETRONAS | 00/6 | |
BP PETRONAS Acetyls Sdn Bhd | Acetyls | 400 |
BP
Chemicals(70%), PETRONAS (30%) * 30%を昭和電工に供給 |
00/7 | |
Aromatics
Malaysia Sdn Bhd |
p-x Benzene |
420 |
PETRONAS,
MJPX Co Ltd *MJPX
三菱商事 2/3 |
00/4 | |
Optimal Olefins (M) Sdn Bhd (Second Cracker ) | Ethylene Propylene |
600 |
PETRONAS, Union Carbide Corporation | 01/8 | |
Optimal Glycol (M) Sdn Bhd | Ethylene Oxide Ethylene Glycol | 385 |
PETRONAS, Union Carbide Corporation | 01/8 | |
Optimal Chemicals (M) Sdn Bhd | Ethoxylates Ethanolamines Glycol Ethers Butanol Butyl Acetate |
85 |
PETRONAS, Union Carbide Corporation | 01/9 | |
Petlin (M) Sdn Bhd | LDPE | 225 |
Petronas (40%), Sasol of South Africa (40%), and DSM of the Netherlands →Sabic Europe(20%). | 02/4 | |
MTBE Malaysia Sdn Bhd | Gebeng | MTBE Propylene Propylene |
300 |
PETRONAS | 1992 00/12 |
Polypropylene Malaysia Sdn Bhd | Polypropylene | 80 |
PETRONAS *130千トンへの増強計画 |
1992 | |
BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd | Acrylic
Acid Glacial Acrylic Butyl-Acrylate 2-Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate butanediol Oxo-Alcohols |
160 |
BASF AG 60%, PETRONAS 40% | 2000 01-04 |
|
Asean Bintulu Fertilizer Sdn Bhd | Bintulu | Fertiliser | PETRONAS, National Development Company (Philippines), Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Corporation, Ministry of Industry (Thailand), PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Indonesia), Temasek Holdings (PTE) Ltd. (Singapore) | 1985 | |
Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd | Middle Distillates | Shell, PETRONAS | 1993 | ||
PETRONAS Methanol (Labuan) Sdn Bhd | Labuan | Methanol | 660 +1700 |
PETRONAS | 1985 |
Idemitsu Styrene Monomer (M) Sdn Bhd | Pasir Gudang | SM | 200 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co Ltd(70%), PETRONAS | 1997 |
PETRONAS Fertilizer Kedah Sdn Bhd | Gurun | Fertiliser | PETRONAS | 1999 |
International Operating Plants & Projects
Phu My Plastics & Chemical Company Ltd | Vietnam | Polyvinyl Chloride | 100 | PETRONAS, Marubeni, PetroVietnam Gas Co, Tramatsuco | End 2000 |
注 PETRONASはベトナムの石油化学計画についてベトナム政府のadviser になっている。 | |||||
Bataan Polyethylene Corporation | Philippines | Polyethylene | 250 | PETRONAS, BP Holdings International, Bataan PE Holding Corporation, Sumitomo | Early 2000 |
PT Asean Acheh Fertilizer | Indonesia | Fertiliser | PETRONAS, National Development Company (Philippines), Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Corporation, Ministry of Industry (Thailand), PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Indonesia), Temasek Holdings (PTE) Ltd. (Singapore) | 1984 |
マレーシア・オプティマルが稼動開始 エチレン年産60万トン、全て自消が前提
エチレンセンタ−や大手商社によると、マレーシアの新興石油化学企業のオプティマルは先週半ばから年産60万トンのエチレンプラントの稼動を開始した。
PETRONAS 64.25%
Dow Chemical 23.75%
Sasol Polymers 12%
2003/1/7 Financial Times
BASF Petronas' butanediol plant to start operations in Q1
BASF Petronas Chemicals Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian-German joint venture, expects its butanediol facility in Gebeng, Pahang, to begin operations in the first quarter of this year. A BASF Petronas Chemical official said the butanediol facility, comprising two plants, will produce 100,000 tonnes of butanediol, tetrahydrofurane and g-butyrolactore every year.
Platts --2002/10/15
Malaysia Petlin starts PE commercial
sales, plant steady
Malaysia's Petlin Sdn Bhd is producing polyethylene steadily and has finally started commercial sales, a source close to the company said Wednesday. Its 255,000 mt/yr low density PE plant at Kertih was supposed to have started commercial shipments in January this year but was delayed numerous times due to multiple severe mechanical problems.
2003-8-27 Asia Chemical Weekly
Malaysia to boost synthetic rubber output
The Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (Mida) is keen to attract investments in butadiene derivatives to produce more synthetic rubber, according to industry sources.
The only synthetic rubber producer in Malaysia is Synthomer, based in Kluang, Johor, which started producing synthetic latex last year.
Titan considered building a butadiene extraction unit in 2000 as part of a broader plan to invest in value-added projects, although the project failed to materialise. Had the project moved forward, Titan would have supplied butadiene to Taiwan Synthetic Rubber Co (TSRC), which had received Mida's approval for an SBR project.
2004/9/23 Business Times
Petronas to triple methanol capacity
http://www.btimes.com.my/Thursday/Frontpage/20040922233841/Article/pp_index_html
PETROLIAM Nasional Bhd (Petronas)
will be investing over RM1 billion to more than triple its
methanol producing capacity in Labuan, in anticipation of
stronger global demand as well as the coming onstream of new gas
fields.
A new plant capable of producing 1.7 million tonnes of
methanol a year, or about
5,000 tonnes a day, is being planned to begin operations by the
end of 2007.
Sources said the plant, which is
expected to cost over US$300 million (US$1 = RM3.80), will be
located adjacent to an existing one that has an
annual methanol producing capacity of 660,000 tonnes a year.
Feedstock of about
150 million standard cu ft per day of gas will be supplied from
gas fields offshore Sabah.
2008/9/12
Malaysia's Petronas expects to produce on specification grade methanol from its new $1.7 million plant in Labuan from mid-October, a source close to the company said Friday (9/12).
日本経済新聞 2005/7/22 マレーシアが変動相場制に マレーシア中央銀行は21日、通貨リンギの米ドルとの連動制(ペッグ制)を変更し、通貨バスケットによる管理変動相場制度に移行すると発表、即日実施した。中国の人民元切り上げに追従した格好だ。 |
Malaysian Titan Chemicals to test-run butadiene plant in December
Malaysia's Titan Chemicals expects the building of its butadiene plant in Johor to reach mechanical completion in late November, with test runs to begin in December, a source close to the company said Thursday.
The 100,000 mt/year butadiene plant at Pasir Gudang, Johor, is being built by Taiwanese engineering and construction firm CTCI Overseas Corporation Limited.
Platts Feb 18, 2008
Malaysian polyester, PET producer Hualon renamed Recron
Malaysian
PET and polyester producer Hualon Corp, which was acquired by
India's Reliance Industries late last year, has been renamed
Recron (Malaysia), company sources said Monday.
Hualon, or Recron, is to become a wholly owned subsidiary of
Reliance. A source said Reliance had taken control of certain
areas of operations while others were in progress.
The Malaysian company has the capacity to produce 500,000 mt/year of
polyester and blended yarns, 30,000 mt/year of nylon, 150,000
mt/year of PET bottle grade chips and 450 million yards of fabric at Nilai and Malacca.
The company was placed in receivership 破産管財人の管理下 in November 2006, and its assets
were offered for sale in June 2007.
華隆
Hualon emerges as a prominent world leader with its manufacturing locations in Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Czech Republic and mainland China. Through constant improvement in our production facilities, quality has become Hualonfs foremost competitive edge in the industry.
Hualon Corporation (M) Sdn Bhd is indisputably a leader in the integrated textile industry both domestically and internationally.
Established in 1989, we started with a paid-up capital of 39 million ringgit. In merely 6 years, our paid-up capital rose to an incredible 858 million ringgit in 1998. Following the official opening of our Melaka plant, we set a significant milestone for Malaysia in the global textile industry.
In the short span of 6 years, we established over 28 plants across 200 acres in Nilai and Melaka. And not surprisingly we reached an amazing turnover of 2.1 billion ringgit in 1998.To maintain our products' quality and durability, we have invested in highly automated plants, cutting edge technology and the most advanced machinery. It is therefore no surprise that we've become a trusted name in the integrated textile industry with our products distributed the world over.
Besides being a key player in the textile industry, we are also proving great success in PET chips production. Today, we have become one of the leading producers of Chips in Asia.
On 3 December 2005, Oriental Daily in Malaysia reported that Hualon's Chairman in Taiwan has been declare bankrupt by court of Taiwan.
Hualon's major shareholder is Hualon Corp Taiwan, which was delisted from the Taiwan Stock Exchange in January 2005.
ーーー25 Jun, 2007
Malaysia - Hualon up for sale
The Receivers and Managers of Hualon Corporation (M) Sdn Bhd have invited interested parties, both local and foreign, to submit offers to acquire the operating business and assets of financially-troubled Hualon.
The offers should reach the Receivers and Managers, Ernst and Young, by August 3, 2007, Hualon said in a statement today.
The textile manufacturer owns and operates a fully integrated production facility in Malaysia.
Hualon chalks up an average turnover of US$800 million annually.
Hualon said the Receivers and Managers from Ernst and Young have continued to run the operations of the company with the support of the employees, the local utility providers, local and worldwide customers and suppliers.
The Receivers and Managers -- Lim Tian Huat, Adam Primus Abdullah and Stephen Duar, were appointed on November 30, 2006.
Hualon employs over 7000 employees.
The production facility, which includes more than 20 plants spread over 78.7 hectares, is located within industrial estates in the southern states of Negeri Sembilan and Melaka.
Hualon has a combined production capacity of over 500,000 metric tonnes (MT) of polyester and blended yarns, 30,000 MT of nylon, 150,000 MT of PET bottle grade chips and between 400 - 500 million yards of fabrics annually.
Hualon is predominantly export oriented with sales to Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Iran, South Korea, Syria, Turkey and Vietnam.
ーーーSeptember 12, 2007
Reliance Buys Malaysian Yarn Maker Hualon Corp
Reliance Industries Ltd., the world’s largest producer of yarn used for making textiles, agreed to buy assets of Malaysia’s bankrupt Hualon Corp. to expand capacity by 25 percent. The purchase will help Reliance increase its polyester- making capacity to 2.5 million metric tons and increase revenue by $1 billion, the Mumbai-based company said in an emailed statement today. Reliance will control 7 percent share of the world’s polyester yarn and fiber market, the company said.
Reliance Industries, owner of the world’s third-largest refinery, and Rohm & Haas Co. on March 22 said they plan to build a plant in India to make chemicals used in paints and plastics as demand rises because of a construction boom.
The Philadelphia-based Rohm & Haas, the world’s biggest producer of acrylic monomers for paints and plastics, may build a 200,000 ton-a-year plant at Jamnagar in western India. Reliance’s refinery is based in Jamnagar.
PETRONAS and BASF sign
MoU to explore new joint investment
→中止
*World-scale production of specialty chemicals
BASF and PETRONAS today signed a Memorandum of Understanding to
undertake a joint feasibility study to produce specialty
chemicals in Malaysia, a move that would extend the two parties’
existing business
collaboration in the country. The partners are considering a
potential joint investment sum of approximately MYR 4.0 billion /
Eur 1.0 billion.
Under the terms of the MoU, the two parties will evaluate the
technical, commercial and economic viability of jointly owning
and operating world-scale facilities for the production of
specialty chemicals including non-ionic
surfactants非イオン性界面活性剤, methanesulfonic
acidメタンスルホン酸, iso-nonanolイソノナノール as well as other C4-based
specialty chemical products. The final scope of the
investments will be determined following the outcome of the joint
feasibility study which is targeted to be completed in 2011.
The MoU was signed at the PETRONAS headquarters in Kuala Lumpur.
Signing on behalf of PETRONAS were Datuk Wan Zulkiflee Wan
Ariffin, Executive Vice President of Downstream Business, and
Encik Kamaruddin Zakaria, Vice President of Downstream
Operations. Dr. Martin Brudermuller, member of the Board of
Executive Directors of BASF SE, responsible for Asia Pacific, and
Ms. Saori Dubourg, President, Asia Pacific, BASF, signed on
behalf of BASF.
Datuk Wan Zulkiflee Wan Ariffin said, “The development of a new specialty
chemical products portfolio is an important component of
PETRONAS' plan to further grow the downstream petrochemical
business as part of its integrated plan to be a key player in the
region as well as to spur domestic investment in the oil, gas and
petrochemical industries.”
Dr. Martin
Brudermuller said, "With the rapid growth of chemical
markets in Asia Pacific, we are further expanding our specialty
chemical business. Our joint venture with PETRONAS, based on a
long-standing and successful partnership, is an excellent,
well-established and competitive production platform in Asia. By
expanding our local production base in Malaysia, we can further
improve our ability to supply our customers in Asia, from
Asia." According to its Asia Pacific Strategy 2020, BASF
intends to produce 70% of Asia Pacific sales in the region, with
investments of ? 2.0 billion between 2009 and 2013.
The proposed move by PETRONAS and BASF will build on their
successful strategic partnership in the country, established in
1997. The partnership, via BASF PETRONAS Chemicals Sdn Bhd
(of which BASF owns 60% shares) , currently own and operate an
integrated complex in Gebeng, Pahang, Kuantan that produces acrylic monomers,
oxo products and butanediol. As for the subsequent phase of
the collaboration, PETRONAS Chemicals Group and BASF will jointly
evaluate the outcome of the joint feasibility study and will
adopt it as part of their strategic growth plans, if technically
and commercially viable.
About PETRONAS
PETRONAS is a Global Fortune 500 company wholly owned by the
Government of Malaysia, principally involved in all spectrum of
integrated oil, gas and petrochemical industries. For the year
ended 31 March 2010, PETRONAS recorded a group revenue of US$62.5
billion. More information on PETRONAS is available on
www.petronas.com.
------------
PETRONAS and BASF terminate Heads of
Agreement for joint project in Pengerang, Malaysia
BASF and PETRONAS announced today that the Heads of Agreement (HoA) between the
two parties for a joint speciality chemicals venture within PETRONAS’ Refinery &
Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project in Pengerang, Johor,
has been terminated by mutual agreement.
The HoA was signed on March 5, 2012, for a proposed partnership to jointly own,
develop, construct and operate production facilities for a host of specialty
chemical products in RAPID.
Following negotiations, PETRONAS and BASF concluded that it would be in their
mutual interest to terminate the HoA as both parties were unable to come to an
agreement on the terms and conditions for the
implementation of the proposed venture.
Notwithstanding this decision, both PETRONAS and BASF are committed to
continuing their existing long-term partnership at BASF PETRONAS Chemicals in
Gebeng Industrial Zone, Kuantan, Pahang.
2013/1/23 Petronas
Petronas and Evonik Industries sign letter of intent for projects in RAPID
PETRONAS and Evonik Industries AG have signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) to jointly embark on the development of production facilities of specialty chemicals within PETRONAS’ Refinery & Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project in Pengerang, Johor.
2012/5/21 伊藤忠、マレーシアの石油精製・石化計画(RAPID)に参加
Under the LOI, the two parties will endeavour
to form a partnership to jointly own, develop, construct and operate facilities
for the production of hydrogen peroxide, C4 co-monomer and
oxo-products within RAPID.
The plants are expected to have the capacity to produce
250,000 metric tons of hydrogen peroxide, 220,000
metric tons of isononanol (INA) and 110,000 metric
tons of 1-butene annually. The hydrogen peroxide will be used on site to
produce propylene oxide by the licensed, eco-friendly HPPO process Evonik had
jointly developed with ThyssenKrupp Uhde. These projects are expected to come on
stream in 2016.
The LOI was signed in Kuala Lumpur on 16 January. PETRONAS was represented by
its Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President of Downstream Business,
Datuk Wan Zulkiflee Wan Ariffin, while Evonik was represented by its Member of
the Executive Board, Dr. Dahai Yu.
“The entire project is set to mark another milestone in our growth strategy in
the Asian market,” said Dr. Dahai Yu. “This is why we’re seeking for a strong
long-term strategic partner like PETRONAS.”
The partnership is expected to strengthen PETRONAS’ position as a key downstream
petrochemical player in the region. Evonik is one of the world's largest
producers of hydrogen peroxide and C4-based products with production facilities
in Europe, North America, South America, New Zealand, Asia, South Africa and
Indonesia.
“Evonik’s excellent track record and more than 100 years of experience in the
industry, backed by its proven technical, engineering and sales support, makes
them another strategic partner in the development of RAPID towards achieving the
project’s final investment decision,” said Datuk Wan Zulkiflee.
Hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching agent in the paper and textile
industries and for eco-friendly oxidation and disinfection.
The oxo-alcohol INA is a precursor of the plasticizer DINP (diisononyl
phthalate), which is used in soft PVC production. The most important markets and
end applications are films, wallpapers, and floorings, in addition to cables and
automotive applications.
1-butene is used as a co-monomer for production of the plastic polyethylene. The
most important growth regions for 1-butene are China, South-East Asia, the
Middle East, and Europe.
2012/3/6 PETRONAS and BASF move ahead with expansion of partnership in Malaysia
2013/1/21 PETRONAS and BASF terminate Heads of Agreement for joint project in Pengerang, Malaysia
Following negotiations, PETRONAS and BASF concluded that it would be in their mutual interest to terminate the HoA as both parties were unable to come to an agreement on the terms and conditions for the implementation of the proposed venture.
Construction of the plant will begin in 2021, while production is scheduled to start in 2023. When completed, the plant will have NBL production capacity of 200,000 metric tons per year (mt/yr).
This strategic partnership is timely as it occurs at a period where the demand for nitrile glove is growing rapidly. The partnership leverages both companies’ strengths to bring greater value to the market. In addition, the collaboration will create new revenue streams and unlock new markets by optimizing resources in both companies.
At the same
time, PCG and LG Chem will work together to offer various grades and new
applications of NBL, as well as develop high-value added products through
continuous research and development, and investments.
Commenting on the partnership, PCG Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer
Datuk Sazali Hamzah said, “We are excited about this partnership. It marks a
strategic step in developing PCG’s specialty chemicals portfolio, underpinning
PCG’s position as a leading integrated chemicals producer in Malaysia. It
provides a compelling entry point into the growing NBL-based products and
enables PCG to enhance its presence in attractive end-markets, especially for
personal care and healthcare, mainly in the Asia Pacific region.This
collaboration further strengthens the pursuit of our growth agenda, having
acquired a silicone player last year. With more specialty chemicals in our
portfolio, we are moving into segments with higher growth potential.” NBL is a
synthetic rubber that uses butadiene as the main feedstock and is a core raw
material for making nitrile gloves, which is widely used in industries such as
healthcare, medical, and food, among others. It is currently widely used to
complement existing natural rubber gloves due to its excellent intensity and
chemical-resistance features. Recently, the use of nitrile gloves has seen rapid
growth in helping to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other infections. The
rising demand of nitrile gloves is at an annual average of more than 10% and is
expected to account for 70% of the entire latex gloves market in 2024.